Choosing between a full container (FCL) and consolidated cargo (LCL) comes down to volume, handling risk and timing.
The volume rule of thumb
A 20-foot container holds roughly 28 to 33 CBM. Once a shipment reaches about 12 to 15 CBM, the cost of a full box is often equal to or lower than LCL charges, because LCL is priced per CBM and carries extra consolidation and deconsolidation fees.
When LCL still makes sense
- Shipments under about 10 CBM
- Frequent small replenishment orders
- Cargo that does not need to leave on a specific vessel
When FCL wins
- Fragile or high-value goods that benefit from fewer handling points
- Tight schedules, since FCL avoids waiting for a consolidation cut-off
- Goods that need a sealed container from door to door
Check the true cost
Compare the total landed cost, not just the ocean rate. Include origin and destination charges, customs, drayage and storage time at the port.
A quick example
Imagine 9 CBM of furniture going from Houston to Rotterdam. LCL charges apply per cubic metre plus consolidation fees, which can leave the total close to a 20-foot container that holds three times the volume. At that point the full box often gives you a sealed container, a fixed departure and fewer handling points for a similar price.
Questions to ask your forwarder
- What are the free days for demurrage and detention at destination?
- How often does the consolidator sail, and what is the cargo cut-off?
- Are origin and destination handling charges included in the rate?
Use the quote estimator to price both options for your route.